PITOT TUBE

 Pitot Tube

A Pitot tube could be a device use to live the fluid flow speed. The Pitot tube was made-up by a French engineer Henri Pitot i early 18s and more changed by a French human Henry Darcy. The pitot tube is employed to live the native flow speed at a given purpose within the flow stream and not the typical flow speed within the pipe or passage, Pitot tube is created of a bent glass tube that is employed to work out the speed of Associate in Nursing craft, water speed of a ship, and to live liquid, air and gas flow velocities in sure industrial applications.. Pitot tubes are often terribly easy devices with no moving elements wont to live flow velocities.


Pitot Tube Flow meters Work ??

Pitot tubes ar a standard variety of insertion flow meter. The higher than animation shows the fundamentals for a Pitot tube, wherever a pressure is generated in an exceedingly tube facing the flow, by the speed of the fluid. This ‘velocity’ pressure is compared against the reference pressure (or static pressure) within the pipe, and therefore the speed are often determined by applying an easy equation.

By applying the Bernoulli Equation one will calculate fluid flow speed at a purpose.

p + 1/2 ρ v2 + γ h = constant on a contour (1)

where

p = static pressure (relative to the moving fluid) (Pa)

ρ = density (kg/m3)

v = flow speed (m/s)

γ = ρ g = specific weight (N/m3)

g = acceleration of gravity (m/s2)

h = elevation height (m)

Each term of the equation has the dimension force per unit space N/m2 (Pa) – or in imperial units lb/ft2 (psi).


Static Pressure and stagnation pressure

Stagnation Pressure is that the pressure that is achieved once a flowing fluid is reduced to zero speed in an exceedingly resistance method or say it’s the pressure at the stagnation purpose in an exceedingly fluid flow. The pressure within the pitot tube will increase on the price of kinetic head loss.

P stag = P stat+P dynamic (2)

Generally the construct of stagnation pressure comes into image once we ar managing pitot tube. Pitot tube could be a device that is employed to live the flow speed either in pipes or in open channels.


While static pressure is that the pressure exerted on the body once it remains at rest.

Working:

 The liquid flows up the tube and once equilibrium is earned, the liquid reaches a height higher than the free surface of the water stream.

 Since the static pressure, beneath this case, is up to the fluid mechanics pressure thanks to its depth below the free surface, the distinction in level between the liquid within the glass tube and therefore the free surface becomes the live of dynamic pressure. Therefore, we will write, neglecting friction,



Fig 2. (a) easy Pitot Tube (b.1) tube for activity the Stagnation Pressure (b.2) Static and Stagnation tubes along

where p0, p and V ar the stagnation pressure, static pressure and speed severally at purpose A (Fig. 2).


Generally the construct of stagnation pressure comes into image once we ar managing pitot-tube. Pitot tube could be a device that is employed to live the flow speed either in pipes or in open channels.

The first term – p – is that the static pressure. it's static relative to the moving fluid and may be measured through a flat gap in parallel to the flow.


Industrial Applications

 In business, the flow velocities being measured ar typically those flowing in ducts Associate in Nursingd conduit wherever measurements by an gauge would be tough to get. In these styles of measurements, the foremost sensible instrument to use is that the pitot tube.